ABSTRACT
Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)and acute lung injury are grave syndromes associated with high morbidity of the mortality.Currently,the criteria for the classification of the severity of ARDS are the PaO 2/FiO2values, while OI,S/F and OSI values are also used as ancillary diagnostic and grading criteria for ARDS.In this review,we sum-marize the effects of four indicators on the diagnosis and severity of ARDS patients,their respective strengths and weaknes-ses,and predit the future development of the classification of severity of ARDS.
ABSTRACT
Female rats were fed with ethanol extraction of Alismatis Rhizoma for 6 months to study its nephrotoxicity and molecular mechanism. HPLC was used to determine the components in ethanol extraction of Alismatis Rhizoma. An assessment of renal pathology was determined by HE staining. Meanwhile Western blot, immunohistochemical assay and q-PCR were used to assess the protein expression and mRNA level of Kim-1, clusterin, LCN2, osteopontin, ceruloplasmin and TIMP1 in rat kidney. Eight components were identified in ethanol extraction of Alismatis Rhizoma. Tubule-interstitial inflammation, renal tubular epithelial cell exfoliation and morphological changes of cell were observed in rat kidney. Comparing with control blank group, the protein expression of clusterin, Kim-1, LCN2, osteopontin and TIMP1 in rat kidney was significantly increased while the protein expression of ceruloplasmin was significantly decreased. The mRNA level of Kim-1, TIMP1, osteopontin, clusterin and LCN2 was significantly increased while the mRNA level of ceruloplasmin was significantly decreased. In this study, it was inferred that there is chronic toxicity in kidney by using high dosage of ethanol extraction of Alismatis Rhizoma for a long time. And the underlying molecular mechanism was related to regulate the protein expression of ceruloplasmin, clusterin, Kim-1, LCN2, osteopontin and TIMP1.
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To observe the effect of Epimedii Herba alcohol extract (HE) on tumor growth of lung cancer by establishing the model of Lewis tumor-bearing mice, ELISA method was used to detect the levels of TNF-α, IL-10, IL-17, IL-2 in serum. Ki67 and P53 protein expression was detected in lung cancer tissues by using Western blot assay method and immunohistochemical assay method. The experimental results showed that HE has certain inhibitory effect on Lewis lung cancer tumor growth, and it can reduce the levels of TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-17 in serum, improve the level of IL-2,significantly decrease the expression of Ki67, and significantly increase P53 expression. HE has obvious inhibitory effect against lung cancer, and has the ability to improve immune regulating effect. This study reveals the anti-lung cancer effect of HE may be related to its ability of improving immunity, thus provides the basis for further research on anti-lung cancer effect of HE.
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To analyze and compare the chemical compositions of Moutan Cortex, Paeoniae Rubra Radix and Paeoniae Alba Radix based on "component structure" theory. Thirteen batches of Moutan Cortex, 14 batches of Paeoniae Rubra Radix from different origins and 10 batches of Paeoniae Alba Radix from different origins were analyzed by HPLC-DAD method. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used for analysis. The significant differences of principal component from Moutan Cortex, Paeoniae Rubra Radix and Paeoniae Alba Radix were investigated by using F test. HPLC fingerprints were established for 13 batches of Moutan Cortex, 14 batches of Paeoniae Rubra Radix and 10 batches of Paeoniae Alba Radix, and 7 glycosides and phenolic acids components were identified. Comparative study of Moutan Coetex, Paeoniae Rubra Radix and Paeoniae Alba Radix was conducted according to the results of hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis and "component structure" theory. Moutan Cortex, Paeoniae Rubra Radix and Paeoniae Alba Radix have significant differences in mass fraction of major chemical components and their ratios, leading to different curative effects.
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To evaluate the nephrotoxicity of total terpenoids from Alismatis Rhizoma on human kidney proximal tubular cells (HK-2), explore the iraction in inducing apoptosis of HK-2 cells, and provide reference for the research of controversial nephrotoxicity of total terpenoids from Alismatis Rhizoma, HK-2 cells were used and cells viability was measured by MTT colorimetric method. An assessment of cells apoptosis was also conducted by using flow cytometry. Meanwhile western blot assay was used to detect the protein expressions of caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, Kim-1, clusterin and TFF-3. At last, q-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, Kim-1, clusterin and TFF-3. The flow cytometry results showed that cells apoptosis rate was (37.48±1.76)%, (26.91±1.91)% and (25.61±2.05)% respectively after treating with total terpenoids (6.25×10-5, 3.125×10-5, 1.562 5×10-5 g•mL⁻¹). Western blot results showed that Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl protein levels were significantly decreased after treating with total terpenoids (6.25×10-5, 3.125×10-5, 1.562 5×10-5 g•mL⁻¹), while the protein expression of caspase-3 was significantly increased. q-PCR results were the same with western blot results, that mRNA expressions of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl were significantly decreased while mRNA expression of caspase-3 was significantly increased after treating with total terpenoids (6.25×10-5, 3.125×10-5, 1.562 5×10-5 g•mL⁻¹). Western blot results and q-PCR results showed that both mRNA and protein expressions of Kim-1, clusterin and TFF-3 were significantly increased after treating with total terpenoids from Alismatis Rhizoma (6.25×10-5, 3.125×10-5, 1.562 5×10-5 g•mL⁻¹). HK-2 cells in vitro evaluation results showed that, total terpenoids from Alismatis Rhizoma may have nephrotoxicity effect, but further study is still needed for verification; meanwhile, they could induce HK-2 cells apoptosis, providing basis for nephrotoxicity study and safe application of Alismatis Rhizoma.
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Alisma orientalis is a traditional herb medicine commonly used in clinical. With the increasing report of its toxicity in clinical, the renal toxicity of Alisma orientalis has got gradually attention. This paper systematically reviews the research on the chemical material basis of Alisma orientalis including its chemical composition and toxicity of ingredients; and also declares its toxic ingredients and targets according to Network toxicology. Based on the controversy on renal toxicity of Alisma orientalis, we analyzed the possible reasons that may be associated with renal toxicity. It might be associated with the differences of the material basis composition and regulatory toxicology network, differences in employed processing technology, the metabolic function leading to accumulation of compounds, dosage and duration of the experiment and compatibility. The review provides possible reference and ideas for the quality control and rational use of Alisma orientalis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Alisma , Chemistry , Toxicity , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Toxicity , Molecular StructureABSTRACT
"Prescription embodied in Preparation", Chinese medicine preparation, aims to study the specific form of Chinese medicine from raw materials to preparation for acting on patients directly. Its development has gone through three stages according to the characteristics of raw materials pretreatment, including "direct smash and initial extraction for Chinese materia medica", "Extensive extraction and preliminarily impurity for Chinese materia medica" and "Refining and purification for Chinese materia medica". With the development of new technologies and new theories, Chinese medicine preparation emerged in a new stage: structural components of Chinese medicine, with the characteristics of definited material basis, clear mechanisms, determined ADME/T properties, reasonable drug release system designs and scientific productions quality controls. This requires multidisciplinary to solve systemly the problems of Chinese medicine preparation. In this article, we reviewed the development of Chinese medicine preparation in different times, and analyzed the development and the characteristics of Chinese medicine preparation; and mainly focused on a fact that multidisciplinary promoted the study and development of Chinese medicine preparation, especially in structural components of Chinese medicine. It provides development direction and theoretical basis for Chinese medicine preparation.
Subject(s)
Materia Medica , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Technology, PharmaceuticalABSTRACT
Development of the disease is the result of several factors involved in biological network changes. The nature of drug intervention is to regulate these pathological changes to the normal range. Advantages of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are to integrally and systematically regulate this biological networks and systematic pathology through multi-targets, multi-levels, multi-channels. Structural components TCM provides the controlled and precise basis "substance" for this regulation and also to clarify the "truth" of the nature of the regulation by the network pharmacology. Network pharmacology provides new strategy for the research on mechanism of structural components TCM. This study not only reflects the overall characteristics of the development of the disease, but also fully embodies the essence of TCM for preventing and treating diseases through changing traditional model on "one drug, one gene, one disease". This paper explores systematically the integration essence, features and research strategies of structural components TCM and the network pharmacology, understand the interaction of structural components TCM and body from the perspective of the overall concept of improving or restoring the balance of.biological networks. It is effective measure to reveal the structure of a multi-component for regulating biological networks mechanisms, and also provide new ideas and methods for further scientific research and innovation of structural component TCM.
Subject(s)
Humans , Drug Interactions , Drug Therapy , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Gene Regulatory Networks , Medicine, Chinese TraditionalABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effects of regular follow-up and systematic management in premature infants on early discovering of cerebral palsy and intervention efficacy in early phase. Methods Fifty premature infants with cerebral palsy recruited from early children development outpatient service, were classified as treatment group; 40 premature infants with cerebral palsy recruited from general outpatient service, were classified as control group. The infants of treatment group received systematic follow-up and intervention. while the infants of control group received no systematic management. Age and therapeutic efficacy were compared between the two groups. ResultsThe average age in the treatment group ( [4. 0 ± 1.2] months) was significantly younger than that of the control group ( [7.0 ± 1.4] months) ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The mental development index ( MDI )and physical development index (PDI) in the treatment group was 91.8 ± 10. 2 and 90. 2 ± 11.2,respectively,which were significantly higher than that of the control group(80. 2 ± 11.7 for MDI and 79. 3 ± 10. 2 for PDI)( P ＜ 0. 05 ) . Conclusion Systematic management could help discover cerebral palsy in premature infants in time and could improve physical and mental development of these infants.